问题
业务场景
业务需求上经常会有一些边缘操作，比如主流程操作A：用户报名课程操作入库，边缘操作B：发送邮件或短信通知。
业务要求
操作A操作数据库失败后，事务回滚，那么操作B不能执行。
操作A执行成功后，操作B也必须执行成功
如何实现
普通的执行A，之后执行B，是可以满足要求1，对于要求2通常需要设计补偿的操作
一般边缘的操作，通常会设置成为异步的，以提升性能，比如发送MQ，业务系统负责事务成功后消息发送成功，然后接收系统负责保证通知成功完成
本文内容
如何在spring事务提交之后进行异步操作，这些异步操作必须得在该事务成功提交后才执行，回滚则不执行。
要点
如何在spring事务提交之后操作
如何把操作异步化
实现方案
使用TransactionSynchronizationManager在事务提交之后操作
public void insert(TechBook techBook){
bookMapper.insert(techBook);
// send after tx commit but is async
TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() {
@Override
public void afterCommit() {
System.out.println("send email after transaction commit...");
}
}
);
ThreadLocalRandom random = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
if(random.nextInt() % 2 ==0){
throw new RuntimeException("test email transaction");
}
System.out.println("service end");
}该方法就可以实现在事务提交之后进行操作
操作异步化
使用mq或线程池来进行异步，比如使用线程池：
private final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
public void insert(TechBook techBook){
bookMapper.insert(techBook);
// send after tx commit but is async
TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() {
@Override
public void afterCommit() {
executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("send email after transaction commit...");
try {
Thread.sleep(10*1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("complete send email after transaction commit...");
}
});
}
}
);
// async work but tx not work, execute even when tx is rollback
// asyncService.executeAfterTxComplete();
ThreadLocalRandom random = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
if(random.nextInt() % 2 ==0){
throw new RuntimeException("test email transaction");
}
System.out.println("service end");
}封装以上两步
对于第二步来说，如果这类方法比较多的话，则写起来重复性太多，因而，抽象出来如下：
这里改造了 azagorneanu的代码:
public interface AfterCommitExecutor extends Executor {
}
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
@Component
public class AfterCommitExecutorImpl extends TransactionSynchronizationAdapter implements AfterCommitExecutor {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AfterCommitExecutorImpl.class);
private static final ThreadLocal<List<Runnable>> RUNNABLES = new ThreadLocal<List<Runnable>>();
private ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
@Override
public void execute(Runnable runnable) {
LOGGER.info("Submitting new runnable {} to run after commit", runnable);
if (!TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
LOGGER.info("Transaction synchronization is NOT ACTIVE. Executing right now runnable {}", runnable);
runnable.run();
return;
}
List<Runnable> threadRunnables = RUNNABLES.get();
if (threadRunnables == null) {
threadRunnables = new ArrayList<Runnable>();
RUNNABLES.set(threadRunnables);
TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(this);
}
threadRunnables.add(runnable);
}
@Override
public void afterCommit() {
List<Runnable> threadRunnables = RUNNABLES.get();
LOGGER.info("Transaction successfully committed, executing {} runnables", threadRunnables.size());
for (int i = 0; i < threadRunnables.size(); i++) {
Runnable runnable = threadRunnables.get(i);
LOGGER.info("Executing runnable {}", runnable);
try {
threadPool.execute(runnable);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
LOGGER.error("Failed to execute runnable " + runnable, e);
}
}
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(int status) {
LOGGER.info("Transaction completed with status {}", status == STATUS_COMMITTED ? "COMMITTED" : "ROLLED_BACK");
RUNNABLES.remove();
}
}
public void insert(TechBook techBook){
bookMapper.insert(techBook);
// send after tx commit but is async
// TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() {
// @Override
// public void afterCommit() {
// executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
// @Override
// public void run() {
// System.out.println("send email after transaction commit...");
// try {
// Thread.sleep(10*1000);
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
// System.out.println("complete send email after transaction commit...");
// }
// });
// }
// }
// );
//send after tx commit and is async
afterCommitExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(5*1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("send email after transactioin commit");
}
});
// async work but tx not work, execute even when tx is rollback
// asyncService.executeAfterTxComplete();
ThreadLocalRandom random = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
if(random.nextInt() % 2 ==0){
throw new RuntimeException("test email transaction");
}
System.out.println("service end");
}关于Spring的Async
spring为了方便应用使用线程池进行异步化，默认提供了@Async注解，可以整个app使用该线程池，而且只要一个@Async注解在方法上面即可，省去重复的submit操作。关于async要注意的几点：
1、async的配置
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yami" /><!--配置@Async注解使用的线程池，这里的id随便命名，最后在task:annotation-driven executor= 指定上就可以--><task:executor id="myExecutor" pool-size="5"/><task:annotation-driven executor="myExecutor" />这个必须配置在root context里头，而且web context不能扫描controller层外的注解，否则会覆盖掉。
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yami.web.controller"/><mvc:annotation-driven/>2、async的调用问题
async方法的调用，不能由同类方法内部调用，否则拦截不生效，这是spring默认的拦截问题，必须在其他类里头调用另一个类中带有async的注解方法，才能起到异步效果。
3、事务问题
async方法如果也开始事务的话，要注意事务传播以及事务开销的问题。而且在async方法里头使用如上的TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization不起作用，值得注意。
